Male reproductive system

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                Male reproductive system

Male  reproductives system is concerned with sperm formation.it is formed of following parts: 


                              


1 testes ( spermaries) 


   Testes are primary sex organs of male. These are one pair,small- sized, oval- shaped and pinkish- coloured. These are present in thin- walled skin pouches called scrotal sacs so are extra- abdominal in position. Scrotal sacs act as thermo- regulators as these keep the testicular temperature 1 -3 °c lower than body temperature for normal spermatogenesis.it is so because the high body temperature may kill the sperms-formating tissue of the testis.

                                   Internally,each testis is with about 900 narrow and convoluted seminiferous tubules,each of which has sperm-producing germ cells.between the seminiferous tubules in the testis,there are groups of endocrine interstitial cells.


                               

     

                                 

Functions

1 .  Germ cell of seminiferous tubules form sperms by spermatogenesis.

2.   Interstital cell ( leydig cell) secrete male hormone testosterone which controls development and functioning of secondary sexual characters at the time of puberty in male.


2 Epididymis - 

It  is an elongated and flattened structure present on the lateral side of the testis.it is involved in storage ( stores sperms from 18hours to a few days), nutrition and functionally maturation of the sperms.

                            

3  vas deferens ( sperm duct) - 


It is a long,narrow and tubular structure which starts from Epididymis,enters the abdomen,passes over the urinary bladder and joins the duct of seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct.vas deferens conducts the sperms by peristalsis.

                      

4. Urethra-  

It is also a long, narrow and tubular structure.it is formed by the joining of ejaculatory duct and a duct from urinary bladder so carries both sperms and urine,and is commonly called urinogenital canal.it passes through penis and opens at its tip.

                                 



   5  penis -.  

                 It is a cylindrical,erectile and copulatory organ of male.it helps in transfer of semen from
 Male to female.its sensitive tip is called gland which is covered by a retractile skin fold called prepuce.penis is external genitalia of male.


                              


6.  Male reproductive glands

In man ,there are three types of reproductive gland .

1  seminal vesicles. 

These are one pair of sacculated glands presents between the rectum and urinary bladder.

2  prostate gland.

It is single, large- sized and lobulated gland present just below the urinary bladder.

Cowper's glands

These are a pairs of white,pea- seed sized glands present at base of penis.

                          




Secretion of male reproductive glands and the sperms collectively form semen or seminal fluid it is alkaline ( pH 7.5) and neutralises рдеे acidity of urine, activates the sperms and provides nutrition to the sperms. 
                     A human sperm is minute, microscopic, motile and flagellated gamete. It is formed of head ( with paternal genes) middle piece and a long and vibratile tail. Its primary function is to Fuse with ovum and to transmit paternal genes to the offspring. 

        
                                 

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