Female reproductive system

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        FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

 It is concerned with formation of ova, fertilization,foetal development and child birth.it is formed of following parts..

    
                               


1 ovaries.

                   These are the primary sex organs of female. These are one pair,small sized , almond- shaped and whitish structures present in the pelvis of abdomen, one on either side of uterus. So ovaries are abdominal in position.internally , each ovary is with large number of immature primary or ovarian follicles.after puberty every month a primary follicle transforms into a mature or graafian follicle under the stimulation of FSH of anterior pituitary.each graafian follicle  is with a developing ovum.

                               

Functions-  

1 formation of ova by oognesis by the germ cells of ovary.

2  secretion of female hormones - estrogens and progesterone. 

                              

2 fallopian tubes ( oviducts) .

These are one pair of elongated, ciliated, muscular and tubular structures extending from just close to ovaries to uterus.the outer part of each fallopian tube lying close to ovary,has a wide aperture, called ostium, each a number of finger- like processes, called fimbriae, to receive the ovum relesed from the ovary.

                         



Functions. 

1 fallopian tube is site of fertilization so also called fertilization canal.

2 condition of ovum or zygote towards uterus by ciliary action and peristalsis.

 3 uterus ( womb) 

It is large- sized, muscular and pear- shaped structure present in the pelvis between the urinary bladder and rectum.its internal lining is highly vascular and glandular and is called endometrium.its lower and narrow part is called cervix which opens into the vagina.

                           


Functions.

1 it is the seat of implementation, placentation and foetal development.

2. Its muscular wall ( called myometrium) helps in expelling of baby during childbirth.

4 vagina. 

It is a long , muscular and tubular structures which extends backward from cervix of uterus and finall opens outside by vaginal aperture in the vestibule.

                           


Functions- 

1 it acts as copulation canal as semen is discharged in it during copulation.

2 it also acts as birth canal as the baby passes through it during childbirth.


5 valva .

It is external genitali of female. It has a depression, called vestibule, two pairs of labia ( lips ) public hair . vestibule has separate urinary aperture and vaginal opening.

                        


6 female reproductive glands

In  human female , there are two types of  reproductive glands: 

1 Bartholin's glands - 

These are one pair, small-sized glands present on sides of vaginal and secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina during copulation.

                            



2.  Mammary glands.   

These are one pair of rounded structures  present on ventral thoracic wall .each has an erectile nipple at the centre which has a number of openings of milk ducts which carry milk from the mammary glands. Size of mammary glands or breasts increses under the stimulation of female sex harmones, called estrogens,at puberty


                             



 

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